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afya
Stones
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> ''Acute renal colic'' ''Meds'' Diclofenac (CVS risk) or Naproxen also use alpha blockers to aid stone passing ''Imaging'' in ED - KUB (shows 60% stones) else - non-contrast CT - shows 99% stones Rx <5mm usually pass spontaneously larger or severe - needs lithotripsy or nephrolithotomy ''Prevention of stones'' ''Calcium'' due to hypercalciuria (found in 5-19% population) esp - high fluid intake, low animal protein and salt diet, thiazide diuretics ''Oxalate'' cholestyramine and pyridoxine reduce urinary oxalate secretion ''Uric Acid'' allopurinal and urinary alkalinization - oral bicarb
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