Cerebral Palsy in afya

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defined as a disorder of movement and posture due to a non-progressive lesion of the motor pathways in the developing brain. 
It affects 2 in 1,000 live births and is the most common cause of major motor impairment

''Possible manifestations include:''
    abnormal tone early infancy
    delayed motor milestones
    abnormal gait
    feeding difficulties

''associated non-motor problems''
    learning difficulties (60%)
    epilepsy (30%)
    squints (30%)
    hearing impairment (20%)

''Causes''
    antenatal (80%): e.g. cerebral malformation and congenital infection (rubella, toxoplasmosis, CMV)
    intrapartum (10%): birth asphyxia/trauma
    postnatal (10%): intraventricular haemorrhage, meningitis, head-trauma

''Classification''
    spastic (70%): hemiplegia, diplegia or quadriplegia
    dyskinetic
    ataxic
    mixed

''Management''
    as with any child with a chronic condition a multidisciplinary approach is needed
    treatments for spasticity include oral diazepam, oral and intrathecal baclofen, botulinum toxin type A, orthopaedic surgery and selective dorsal rhizotomy
    anticonvulsants, analgesia as required

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