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defined as a disorder of movement and posture due to a non-progressive lesion of the motor pathways in the developing brain.
It affects 2 in 1,000 live births and is the most common cause of major motor impairment
''Possible manifestations include:''
abnormal tone early infancy
delayed motor milestones
abnormal gait
feeding difficulties
''associated non-motor problems''
learning difficulties (60%)
epilepsy (30%)
squints (30%)
hearing impairment (20%)
''Causes''
antenatal (80%): e.g. cerebral malformation and congenital infection (rubella, toxoplasmosis, CMV)
intrapartum (10%): birth asphyxia/trauma
postnatal (10%): intraventricular haemorrhage, meningitis, head-trauma
''Classification''
spastic (70%): hemiplegia, diplegia or quadriplegia
dyskinetic
ataxic
mixed
''Management''
as with any child with a chronic condition a multidisciplinary approach is needed
treatments for spasticity include oral diazepam, oral and intrathecal baclofen, botulinum toxin type A, orthopaedic surgery and selective dorsal rhizotomy
anticonvulsants, analgesia as required