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afya Testicular cancer

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20160425222437 Ben  
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most common malignancy in men aged 20-30 years.
95% are germ-cell tumours - seminomas, teratomas (rarely yolk sac tumours)
Non-germ cell tumours include Leydig cell tumours and sarcomas.

peak incidence for teratomas is 25 years and seminomas is 35 years. 

''Risk factors''
    cryptorchidism
    infertility
    family history
    Klinefelter's syndrome
    mumps orchitis

''Features''
    painless lump (most common)
    pain (in minority)
    possibly -  hydrocele, gynaecomastia

''Diagnosis''
    ultrasound 1st

''Management''
    orchidectomy
    chemotherapy and radiotherapy as to stage

''Prognosis'' - mostly excellent
    5 year survival for seminomas is around 95% if Stage I
    5 year survival for teratomas is around 85% if Stage I