<<forEachTiddler where 'tiddler.tags.contains(context.inTiddler.title)' sortBy tiddler.title ascending write '"*[["+tiddler.title+"]]\n"'>> <<tiddler AutoRefresh with: force>> club foot, inverted (inward turning) and plantar flexed foot. usually diagnosed as newborn twice as common in males than females incidence of 1 per 1,000 births. Around 50% of cases are bilateral. Most commonly idiopathic. ''Associations'' include: spina bifida cerebral palsy Edward's syndrome (trisomy 18) oligohydramnios arthrogryposis The diagnosis is clinical (the deformity is not passively correctable) and imaging is not normally needed. ''Management'' Ponseti - manipulation and progressive casting starts soon after birth. deformity usually corrected after 6-10 weeks. Achilles tenotomy is required in 85% usually under local anaesthetic Surgical intervention avoided if possible night-time braces until aged 4 years relapse rate is 15%