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afya Talipes equinovarus

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20160425222455 Ben  
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club foot,
inverted (inward turning) and plantar flexed foot. 
usually diagnosed as newborn
twice as common in males than females 
incidence of 1 per 1,000 births. 
Around 50% of cases are bilateral.

Most commonly idiopathic. 
''Associations'' include:
    spina bifida
    cerebral palsy
    Edward's syndrome (trisomy 18)
    oligohydramnios
    arthrogryposis

The diagnosis is clinical (the deformity is not passively correctable) and imaging is not normally needed.

''Management''
Ponseti - manipulation and progressive casting starts soon after birth. 
deformity usually corrected after 6-10 weeks. 
Achilles tenotomy is required in 85% usually under local anaesthetic
Surgical intervention avoided if possible
night-time braces until aged 4 years 
relapse rate is 15%