<<forEachTiddler where 'tiddler.tags.contains(context.inTiddler.title)' sortBy tiddler.title ascending write '"*[["+tiddler.title+"]]\n"'>> <<tiddler AutoRefresh with: force>> used in management of seizures. ''Mechanism of action'' sodium channel blocker, decreasing the sodium influx into neurons which in turn decreases excitability ''Adverse effects'' ''Acute'' initially: dizziness, diplopia, nystagmus, slurred speech, ataxia later: confusion, seizures ''Chronic'' common: gingival hyperplasia (secondary to increased expression of platelet derived growth factor, PDGF), hirsutism, coarsening of facial features, drowsiness megaloblastic anaemia (secondary to altered folate metabolism) peripheral neuropathy enhanced vitamin D metabolism causing osteomalacia lymphadenopathy dyskinesia ''Idiosyncratic'' fever rashes, including severe reactions such as toxic epidermal necrolysis hepatitis Dupuytren's contracture aplastic anaemia drug-induced lupus ''Teratogenic'' associated with cleft palate and congenital heart disease