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afya Hereditary Spherocytosis

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20160425222553 Ben  
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''Basics''
    most common hereditary haemolytic anaemia in people of northern European descent
    autosomal dominant defect of red blood cell cytoskeleton
    the normal biconcave disc shape is replaced by a sphere-shaped red blood cell
    red blood cell survival reduced as destroyed by the spleen

''Presentation''
    failure to thrive
    jaundice, gallstones
    splenomegaly
    aplastic crisis precipitated by parvovirus infection
    degree of haemolysis variable
    MCHC elevated

''Diagnosis''
    osmotic fragility test

''Management''
    folate replacement
    splenectomy

''Comparing G6PD deficiency to hereditary spherocytosis''
||G6PD deficiency|Hereditary spherocytosis|
|Gender|Male (X-linked recessive)|Male + female (autosomal dominant)|
|Ethnicity|African + Mediterranean descent|Northern European descent|
|Typical history|Neonatal jaundice|Neonatal jaundice|
||Infection/drugs precipitate haemolysis|Chronic symptoms although haemolytic crises may be precipitated by infection|
||Gallstones|Gallstones|
|||Splenomegaly is common|
|Blood film|Heinz bodies|Spherocytes (round, lack of central pallor)|
|Diagnostic test|Measure enzyme activity of G6PD|Osmotic fragility test|