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The 2009 H1N1 influenza (swine flu) outbreak was first observed in Mexico in early 2009. In June 2009, the WHO declared the outbreak to be a pandemic.
subtype of influenza A - most common cause of flu in humans.
2009 pandemic was caused by a new strain of the H1N1 virus.
''particularly at risk''
patients with chronic illnesses and those on immunosuppressants
pregnant women
young children under 5 years old
''Features'' - typical of flu
fever greater than 38ÂșC
myalgia
lethargy
headache
rhinitis
sore throat
cough
diarrhoea and vomiting
minority go on to develop ARDS which may require ventilatory support.
''Treatment''
//Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)//
oral medication
a neuraminidase inhibitor which prevents new viral particles from being released by infected cells
common side-effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and headaches
//Zanamivir (Relenza)//
inhaled medication or IV if acutely unwell
also a neuraminidase inhibitor
may induce bronchospasm in asthmatics