Upper Limb anatomy in afya

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|Nerve|Motor|Sensory|Typical mechanism of injury & notes|
|Musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C7)|Elbow flexion (supplies biceps brachii) and supination|Lateral part of the forearm|Isolated injury rare - usually injured as part of brachial plexus injury|
|Axillary nerve (C5,C6)|Shoulder abduction (deltoid muscle)|Inferior region of the deltoid muscle|Humeral neck fracture/dislocation, Results in flattened deltoid|
|Radial nerve (C5-C8)|Extension (forearm, wrist, fingers, thumb)|Small area between the dorsal aspect of the 1st and 2nd metacarpals|Humeral midshaft fracture, Palsy results in wrist drop|
|Median nerve (C6, C8, T1)|LOAF muscles - Features depend on the site of the lesion - wrist: paralysis of thenar muscles, opponens pollicis, elbow: loss of pronation of forearm and weak wrist flexion|Palmar aspect of lateral 3.5 fingers|Wrist lesion → carpal tunnel syndrome|
|Ulnar nerve (C8, T1)|Intrinsic hand muscles except LOAF|Wrist flexion	Medial 1.5 fingers|Medial epicondyle fracture, Damage may result in a 'claw hand'|
|Long thoracic nerve (C5-C7)|Serratus anterior||Often during sport e.g. following a blow to the ribs. Also possible complication of mastectomy, Damage results in a winged scapula|

''Erb-Duchenne palsy'' ('waiter's tip')
    due to damage of the upper trunk of the brachial plexus (C5,C6)
    may be secondary to shoulder dystocia during birth
    the arm hangs by the side and is internally rotated, elbow extended

''Klumpke injury''
    due to damage of the lower trunk of the brachial plexus (C8, T1)
    as above, may be secondary to shoulder dystocia during birth. Also may be caused by a sudden upward jerk of the hand
    associated with Horner's syndrome

''LOAF muscles''
    Lateral two lumbricals
    Opponens pollis
    Abductor pollis brevis
    Flexor pollis brevis

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