Syncope in afya

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transient loss of consciousness due to global cerebral hypoperfusion 
rapid onset, short duration and spontaneous complete recovery.

European Society of Cardiology guidelines 2009 ...

''Reflex'' syncope (neurally mediated) - most common though others inc as age inc
    vasovagal: triggered by emotion, pain or stress. Often referred to as 'fainting'
    situational: cough, micturition, gastrointestinal
    carotid sinus syncope

''Orthostatic'' syncope
    primary autonomic failure: Parkinson's disease, Lewy body dementia
    secondary autonomic failure: e.g. Diabetic neuropathy, amyloidosis, uraemia
    drug-induced: diuretics, alcohol, vasodilators
    volume depletion: haemorrhage, diarrhoea

''Cardiac'' syncope
    arrhythmias: bradycardias (sinus node dysfunction, AV conduction disorders) or tachycardias (supraventricular, ventricular)
    structural: valvular, myocardial infarction, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
    others: pulmonary embolism

''Evaluation''
    cardiovascular examination
    postural blood pressure readings: a symptomatic fall in systolic BP > 20 mmHg or diastolic BP > 10 mmHg or decrease in systolic BP < 90 mmHg is considered diagnostic
    ECG
    carotid sinus massage
    tilt table test
    24 hour ECG

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