PostExposure Prophyllaxis in afya

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''Hepatitis A''
    Human Normal Immunoglobulin (HNIG) or hepatitis A vaccine may be used depending on the clinical situation

''Hepatitis B''
    HBsAg positive source: if the person exposed is a known responder to HBV vaccine then a booster dose should be given. If they are in the process of being vaccinated or are a non-responder they need to have hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) and the vaccine
    unknown source: for known responders the green book advises considering a booster dose of HBV vaccine. For known non-responders HBIG + vaccine should be given whilst those in the process of being vaccinated should have an accelerated course of HBV vaccine

''Hepatitis C''
    monthly PCR - if seroconversion then interferon +/- ribavirin

''HIV''
    a combination of oral antiretrovirals (e.g. Tenofovir, emtricitabine, lopinavir and ritonavir) as soon as possible (i.e. Within 1-2 hours, but may be started up to 72 hours following exposure) for 4 weeks
    serological testing at 12 weeks following completion of post-exposure prophylaxis
    reduces risk of transmission by 80%

''Varicella zoster''
    VZIG for IgG negative pregnant women/immunosuppressed

''Estimates of transmission risk for single needlestick injury''

|Hepatitis B|20-30%|
|Hepatitis C|0.5-2%|
|HIV|0.3%|

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